The is closely related to the culture surrounding a program. Is achieving objectives the prime concern or does a culture of justifying inputs pervade? In the culture of an organization and the cooperation of an organization – what is valued most, formally and informally? Who is held accountable by whom? What scope is their for achievers and self-starters?

Similarly program governance is important – who decide in the end on the initiation, direction and termination of a program. Who put the main players on the table and decides on the rules of the game? How clear is the governance of a program?

Changing culture and changing governance does in most cases not happen automatically, unless prompted by disaster. Often it is important to think of ‘agency’ – the players that will take the lead in introducing changes in culture and governance.

Tools:

• Culture measurement and change
• Governance reviews
• Transparency systems
• Defining agency